PART A: SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES AND PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS.- Chapter 1: The Tradition of Scientific Philosophy in Romania; Ilie Pârvu.- Chapter 2: What Ought to be Done and What is Forbidden: Rules of Scientific Research as Categorical or Hypothetical Imperatives; Mircea Flonta.- PART B: MIND, LANGUAGE, AND TECHNOLOGY.- Chapter 3: Memory as Window on the Mind; Radu Bogdan.- Chapter 4: A Momentous Triangle: Ontology, Methodology and Phenomenology in the Philosophy of Language; Manuela Ungureanu.- Chapter 5: On Rule Embedding Artifacts; Gheorghe Ştefanov.- Chapter 6: Issues in Modeling Open-Ended Evolution; Andreea Eșanu.- PART C: LOGIC, SEMANTICS, AND SOCIAL CHOICE.- Chapter 7: On a Combination of Truth and Probability: Probabilistic Independence-Friendly Logic; Gabriel Sandu.- Chapter 8: A Remark on a Relational Version of Robinson's Arithmetic Q; Mihai Ganea.- Chapter 9: The Simple Majority Rule in a Three-Valued Logic Framework; Adrian Miroiu.- Chapter 10: A Free Logic for Fictionalism; Mircea Dumitru.- PART D: QUANTUM PHENOMENA, SCIENTIFIC REALISM, AND EMERGENCE.- Chapter 11: Quantum Mechanics: Knocking at the Gates of Mathematical Foundations; Radu Ionicioiu.- Chapter 12: The Quantum Vacuum; Sorin Paraoanu.- Chapter 13: Structural Pluralism and S-dualities: A Project in String Realism; Ioan Muntean.- Chapter 14: The Prospects for Fusion Emergence; Alexandru Manafu.- PART E: EXPLANATION, MODELS, AND MECHANISMS.- Chapter 15: Scientific Progress, Understanding, and Unification; Sorin Bangu.- Chapter 16: When is a Mechanistic Explanation Satisfactory? Reductionism and Antireductionism in the Context of Mechanistic Explanations; Tudor Baetu.- Chapter 17: Causal and Mechanistic Explanations, and a Lesson from Ecology; Viorel Pâslaru.- Chapter 18: Against Harmony: Infinite Idealization and Causal Explanation; Iulian D. Toader.